CBD for animals

CBD oil and other cannabis products with a high CBD content have become the talk of the town and are used by many people to fend off various ailments.

What many people do not know yet: animals can also enjoy the beneficial properties of CBD. In this guide on CBD oil for animals, you'll learn everything you need to know to support animals such as dogs, cats, and horses using CBD.

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Rich in Omega 3, Omega 6 and Vitamin E

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Table of contents

What is CBD for animals?

CBD, or cannabidiol, is a naturally occurring compound found in hemp plants. When extracted and formulated for animal use, it can offer potential wellness benefits for pets. CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system present in mammals, including dogs, cats, and horses [Deabold et al., 2019].

Unlike THC, CBD does not produce psychoactive effects. Pet CBD products are specifically designed to be non-intoxicating and safe for animal consumption. These formulations often utilize CBD isolate or broad-spectrum extracts to ensure minimal to no THC content.

Forms of CBD for animals

CBD for pets is available in various forms to suit different animals and administration preferences:

Oils and tinctures
Treats and chews
Capsules
Topical balms and creams

Among these options, CBD oils are particularly popular due to their versatility and ease of dosage adjustment. Some products, like Enecta's pet CBD oil, are formulated with additional beneficial ingredients such as omega fatty acids to support overall pet health.

Composition of pet CBD products

Pet CBD products typically contain:

Component	Purpose
CBD extract	Primary active ingredient
Carrier oil (e.g., MCT oil)	Improves absorption
Flavoring (optional)	Enhances palatability
Additional supplements	Targets specific health concerns

The concentration of CBD and the presence of other ingredients can vary between products, making it essential to choose a formula appropriate for your pet's specific needs and size [Hartsel et al., 2019].

Effect of CBD for animals

CBD's effects on animals stem from its interaction with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex cell-signaling network present in mammals. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, influencing various physiological processes including mood, sleep, appetite, and pain sensation [Russo, 2016].

When administered to pets, CBD interacts primarily with two types of receptors in the ECS:

CB1 receptors: Predominantly found in the central nervous system
CB2 receptors: Mainly located in peripheral organs and immune cells

Through these interactions, CBD may modulate neurotransmitter release and influence inflammatory responses. This mechanism underlies its potential to address various health concerns in animals, from anxiety to chronic pain.

Species-specific considerations

The effects of CBD can vary between animal species due to differences in metabolism and ECS composition. Dogs, for instance, have a higher concentration of CB1 receptors in their brains compared to humans, potentially making them more sensitive to cannabinoids [Vaughn et al., 2020].

Cats, on the other hand, lack certain enzymes necessary for efficiently metabolizing some plant compounds. This unique physiology necessitates careful dosing and product selection when administering CBD to felines.

For larger animals like horses, CBD's effects may be influenced by their size and specific health concerns. Equine-specific CBD formulations, such as those offered by Enecta, take these factors into account to optimize efficacy and safety.

Uses of CBD for animals

CBD has been explored for various applications in veterinary care, addressing both physical and behavioral issues in animals. Its potential uses span a wide range of conditions, reflecting the diverse functions of the endocannabinoid system.

Physical health applications

Pain management: CBD may help alleviate chronic pain associated with conditions like osteoarthritis in dogs [Gamble et al., 2018].
Seizure control: Some studies suggest CBD could reduce seizure frequency in epileptic dogs.
Inflammation reduction: CBD's anti-inflammatory properties may benefit animals with inflammatory conditions.
Digestive support: It may help regulate gastrointestinal function and reduce nausea.

Behavioral and neurological support

CBD has shown promise in addressing various behavioral issues in pets:

Anxiety reduction: It may help calm animals during stressful situations like thunderstorms or travel.
Sleep improvement: CBD could potentially aid in regulating sleep patterns in pets.
Cognitive support: Some research indicates CBD might offer neuroprotective benefits for aging animals.

While these applications show promise, it's crucial to approach CBD use in animals with caution. The efficacy and appropriate dosing can vary significantly between species and individuals. For instance, Enecta's pet CBD products are formulated to address specific needs while considering species-specific factors.

Emerging research continues to explore additional uses, including potential benefits for skin conditions and cancer-related symptoms in animals. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to fully understand CBD's therapeutic potential across different animal species and conditions [Kogan et al., 2019].

Benefits of CBD for animals

The potential benefits of CBD for animals extend beyond symptom management, offering a holistic approach to pet wellness. These advantages stem from CBD's interaction with the endocannabinoid system and its influence on various physiological processes.

Improved quality of life

CBD may enhance overall well-being in pets by promoting balance within bodily systems. Animals experiencing chronic conditions often show improved mobility and increased activity levels when administered CBD regularly [McGrath et al., 2018]. This can lead to more enjoyable interactions between pets and their owners, fostering stronger bonds.

Reduced reliance on conventional medications

In some cases, CBD has been observed to decrease the need for traditional pharmaceuticals, particularly in managing pain and anxiety. This potential reduction in medication use may lower the risk of adverse side effects associated with long-term drug administration in animals.

Support for aging pets

Joint health: CBD's anti-inflammatory properties may help maintain joint flexibility in senior animals.
Cognitive function: Some studies suggest CBD could support brain health in aging pets, potentially slowing cognitive decline.
Appetite regulation: CBD may help stimulate appetite in older animals experiencing decreased food intake.

While individual responses to CBD can vary, many pet owners report noticeable improvements in their animals' overall demeanor and vitality. Products like Enecta's pet CBD line are formulated to maximize these potential benefits while prioritizing safety and efficacy.

It's important to note that while CBD shows promise, it should not be viewed as a cure-all. Rather, it can be considered as part of a comprehensive approach to animal health, complementing proper nutrition, regular exercise, and routine veterinary care [Hartsel et al., 2019].

How to administer CBD for animals

Administering CBD to animals requires careful consideration of the product form, the animal's preferences, and the specific health concern being addressed. The method of administration can significantly impact the onset and duration of effects.

Oral administration

Oral methods are the most common for administering CBD to pets:

Tinctures: Dropped directly into the mouth or mixed with food
Treats: Flavored chews or biscuits infused with CBD
Capsules: Easily hidden in food or treats

Tinctures offer precise dosing and rapid absorption when administered sublingually. However, some animals may resist this method. CBD-infused treats provide a more palatable option, especially for picky eaters [Bartner et al., 2018].

Topical application

For localized issues such as skin irritations or joint pain, topical CBD products can be applied directly to the affected area. This method allows for targeted relief and may be particularly useful for animals that are resistant to oral administration.

Inhalation

While less common, CBD can be administered through inhalation using specially designed pet inhalers. This method provides rapid onset of effects but requires careful monitoring and is typically reserved for specific medical conditions under veterinary supervision.

The choice of administration method should be tailored to the individual animal's needs and temperament. For instance, Enecta's pet CBD oil can be easily mixed with food for seamless integration into daily routines. Regardless of the chosen method, consistent administration and close observation of the animal's response are crucial for optimal results [Deabold et al., 2019].

CBD for animals dosage

Determining the appropriate CBD dosage for animals requires a nuanced approach, taking into account factors such as species, size, health condition, and the concentration of the CBD product. Unlike standardized medications, CBD dosing often involves a process of careful titration.

Species-specific considerations

Different animal species metabolize CBD at varying rates, necessitating species-specific dosing guidelines:

Dogs: Generally require higher doses compared to cats
Cats: More sensitive to CBD, often needing lower doses
Horses: Dosage is typically calculated based on body weight

Research indicates that dogs absorb CBD more efficiently when administered with food, potentially affecting the required dosage [Bartner et al., 2018].

Weight-based dosing

A common starting point for CBD dosing in animals is 0.1 to 0.5 mg per kg of body weight, administered twice daily. However, this range may be adjusted based on the severity of the condition and the animal's response.

Titration method

The titration approach involves starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it over time while monitoring the animal's response. This method helps identify the minimum effective dose while minimizing the risk of adverse effects.

Some CBD products, such as Enecta's pet formulations, provide specific dosing guidelines based on extensive research. However, these recommendations should be viewed as starting points rather than definitive rules.

It's crucial to maintain detailed records of dosage and observed effects, as this information can guide future adjustments and inform veterinary consultations. Regular reassessment of the dosing regimen is essential, particularly as the animal's condition or weight changes over time [Kogan et al., 2019].

Side effects of CBD for animals

While CBD is generally well-tolerated in animals, it's crucial to be aware of potential side effects. The occurrence and severity of these effects can vary based on factors such as dosage, product quality, and individual animal sensitivities.

Common mild side effects

Drowsiness: CBD may induce a calming effect, leading to increased sleepiness
Dry mouth: Temporary reduction in saliva production
Changes in appetite: Some animals may experience increased or decreased hunger
Gastrointestinal upset: Mild diarrhea or vomiting in some cases

These effects are typically transient and often resolve as the animal's body adjusts to CBD supplementation [McGrath et al., 2019].

Potential drug interactions

CBD can interact with certain medications by affecting liver enzymes responsible for drug metabolism. This interaction may alter the effectiveness of other medications or lead to increased side effects. Particular caution is advised when administering CBD alongside:

Anticonvulsants
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Heart medications

Rare but serious concerns

In rare instances, more severe side effects may occur, particularly with high doses or poor-quality products:

Elevated liver enzymes: Monitored through blood tests
Hypotension: Temporary drop in blood pressure
Ataxia: Loss of coordination or balance

To minimize the risk of adverse effects, it's crucial to use high-quality, specifically formulated pet CBD products, such as those offered by reputable manufacturers. Additionally, gradual introduction and close monitoring of the animal's response can help identify and mitigate potential side effects early on [Vaughn et al., 2020].

What to look for when buying CBD for animals?

Selecting the right CBD product for animals requires careful consideration of several key factors to ensure safety, efficacy, and quality. The rapidly expanding market necessitates a discerning approach to product selection.

Source and extraction method

The origin of the hemp used and the extraction process significantly impact the final product quality. Organic, non-GMO hemp cultivated in regions with strict agricultural regulations often yields superior CBD. CO2 extraction is widely regarded as the gold standard, producing pure extracts without harmful residues [Citti et al., 2018].

Third-party lab testing

Reputable manufacturers provide certificates of analysis (COA) from independent laboratories. These documents verify the CBD content, confirm the absence of contaminants, and validate the THC levels. Transparency in lab results is a hallmark of trustworthy brands.

Spectrum of cannabinoids

Full-spectrum: Contains all naturally occurring cannabinoids, including trace amounts of THC
Broad-spectrum: Offers a range of cannabinoids but with THC removed
CBD isolate: Pure CBD without other cannabinoids

Each type has its merits, but broad-spectrum products often provide a balanced approach for animals, offering the entourage effect without THC.

Species-specific formulations

Products tailored to specific animal species consider the unique physiological needs and metabolic processes of different animals. For instance, Enecta's pet CBD line includes formulations optimized for dogs, cats, and horses, reflecting the company's commitment to species-specific efficacy.

When evaluating CBD products for animals, it's crucial to consider the manufacturer's reputation, product reviews, and any veterinary endorsements. Additionally, examining the carrier oil used and the presence of any additional beneficial ingredients can provide insights into the product's overall quality and potential effectiveness [Hartsel et al., 2019].

What is CBD for animals made from?

CBD for animals is primarily derived from industrial hemp plants, a variety of Cannabis sativa cultivated specifically for its low THC content. The composition of these products extends beyond just CBD, incorporating various elements to enhance efficacy and palatability for animal consumption.

Hemp-derived CBD extract

The core component is CBD extract obtained from hemp flowers and leaves. This extract undergoes rigorous purification processes to remove unwanted compounds while preserving beneficial cannabinoids and terpenes. Advanced extraction methods, such as supercritical CO2 extraction, ensure a clean, residue-free product [Brighenti et al., 2017].

Carrier oils

CBD extracts are typically suspended in carrier oils to improve bioavailability and ease of administration. Common carrier oils in animal CBD products include:

MCT oil: Derived from coconuts, known for rapid absorption
Hemp seed oil: Rich in omega fatty acids, supporting overall health
Olive oil: Well-tolerated by most animals

Additional ingredients

Many CBD products for animals incorporate supplementary components to target specific health concerns:

Glucosamine and chondroitin for joint health
Omega-3 fatty acids for cognitive and cardiovascular support
Probiotics for digestive health

Some manufacturers, like Enecta, formulate their pet CBD products with a blend of these beneficial ingredients to create comprehensive wellness solutions.

Flavoring agents

To enhance palatability, especially in treats and chews, natural flavors such as bacon, chicken, or fish are often added. These flavors are carefully selected to be appealing yet safe for animal consumption.

The precise formulation of CBD products for animals varies among manufacturers, with each striving to create optimal blends for specific species and health objectives [Kogan et al., 2019].

How to determine the quality of CBD for animals

Assessing the quality of CBD products for animals involves a multifaceted approach, focusing on several key indicators that collectively reflect the product's overall standard.

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

A comprehensive COA from an accredited third-party laboratory serves as a crucial quality indicator. This document should detail:

Cannabinoid profile and potency
Terpene composition
Absence of contaminants (pesticides, heavy metals, microbials)
Residual solvents analysis

Reputable manufacturers readily provide these certificates, often accessible through QR codes on product packaging [Pavlovic et al., 2018].

Manufacturing practices

High-quality CBD products for animals are produced in facilities adhering to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). These standards ensure consistency, safety, and quality control throughout the production process. Manufacturers should be transparent about their production methods and facility certifications.

Sourcing transparency

Quality CBD products originate from hemp cultivated using organic practices. Information about the hemp's origin, cultivation methods, and harvesting processes should be readily available. Some brands, including Enecta, provide detailed information about their seed-to-shelf practices, ensuring traceability and quality at every stage.

Product formulation

The inclusion of complementary ingredients that enhance CBD's effects or provide additional benefits can indicate a well-formulated product. However, these additives should be clearly listed and their purpose explained.

Customer feedback and expert opinions

While subjective, customer reviews and testimonials from veterinary professionals can offer insights into a product's real-world efficacy. Peer-reviewed studies or clinical trials supporting the product's claims further bolster its credibility.

By evaluating these factors collectively, consumers can make informed decisions about the quality and potential efficacy of CBD products for their animals [Kogan et al., 2019].

What is CBD for animals made from?

The production of CBD for animals involves a sophisticated process that begins with carefully selected hemp plants and culminates in precisely formulated products tailored for animal consumption.

Hemp cultivation

The journey starts with the cultivation of industrial hemp, a cannabis variety bred for high CBD and low THC content. Optimal growing conditions, including soil quality, climate, and cultivation practices, significantly influence the plant's cannabinoid profile. Organic farming methods are often employed to minimize the risk of contaminants [Cherney and Small, 2016].

Harvesting and preparation

Once mature, hemp plants are harvested, with particular focus on the flower-rich upper portions. The harvested material undergoes a drying process to preserve cannabinoids and prepare the plant matter for extraction. Careful timing and controlled conditions during this phase are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the desired compounds.

Extraction methods

Several extraction techniques can be employed to isolate CBD and other beneficial compounds:

CO2 extraction: Utilizes pressurized carbon dioxide to pull CBD from plant material
Ethanol extraction: Involves soaking hemp in high-grade grain alcohol to extract cannabinoids
Oil infusion: A gentler method where hemp is heated in carrier oils to extract CBD

Refinement and formulation

Post-extraction, the raw CBD undergoes further refinement to remove unwanted compounds and achieve the desired purity. This refined extract is then combined with carrier oils and other ingredients to create final products. Some manufacturers, like Enecta, incorporate additional beneficial compounds such as terpenes or other cannabinoids to enhance the product's efficacy.

The entire process, from seed to final product, is subject to rigorous quality control measures to ensure consistency, purity, and potency in the CBD products destined for animal use [Citti et al., 2018].

CBD for animals testimonials and studies

The growing interest in CBD for animals has spurred a wave of research and anecdotal reports, providing valuable insights into its potential benefits and limitations.

Scientific studies

Recent research has focused on CBD's effects on various animal health conditions:

A 2018 Cornell University study found that CBD oil reduced pain and increased activity in dogs with osteoarthritis [Gamble et al., 2018].

Research at Colorado State University indicated that CBD might help reduce seizure frequency in dogs with epilepsy [McGrath et al., 2019].

A study published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science suggested CBD could help alleviate pain in cats with osteoarthritis [Verrico et al., 2020].

Veterinary perspectives

Many veterinarians have begun incorporating CBD into their treatment protocols. A survey of U.S. veterinarians revealed that 61.5% felt comfortable discussing CBD use with their clients, with the majority having positive experiences to report [Kogan et al., 2019].

Pet owner testimonials

Anecdotal evidence from pet owners often highlights positive experiences:

Improved mobility in senior pets
Reduced anxiety during thunderstorms or fireworks
Enhanced appetite in pets undergoing cancer treatment

While these reports are encouraging, it's important to approach them with a critical eye, as individual experiences can vary.

Ongoing research

Several institutions are conducting long-term studies on CBD's efficacy and safety in animals. For instance, Enecta has partnered with veterinary clinics to gather data on their pet CBD products' real-world performance, contributing to the growing body of knowledge in this field.

As research progresses, a more comprehensive understanding of CBD's role in animal health is emerging, guiding both veterinary professionals and pet owners in making informed decisions about its use [Hartsel et al., 2019].

Legal situation on CBD for animals

The legal landscape surrounding CBD for animals is complex and evolving, with regulations varying significantly across different jurisdictions. Understanding these legal nuances is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers of pet CBD products.

International variations

Globally, the legal status of CBD for animals differs widely:

European Union: Regulations vary by member state, with some allowing CBD pet products and others restricting them

United States: Federal law permits hemp-derived CBD with less than 0.3% THC, but state laws may impose additional restrictions

Canada: CBD is regulated under the Cannabis Act, with specific provisions for veterinary health products

These disparities create challenges for international trade and distribution of pet CBD products [Mead, 2017].

Regulatory oversight

In many countries, CBD for animals falls under the purview of multiple regulatory bodies:

Food and drug administrations
Agricultural departments
Veterinary medicine authorities

This overlapping jurisdiction can lead to conflicting guidelines and enforcement practices.

Marketing and labeling restrictions

Strict regulations often govern how CBD products for animals can be marketed and labeled. Claims regarding therapeutic benefits are typically prohibited without substantial scientific evidence and regulatory approval.

Veterinary considerations

The legal framework for veterinarians recommending or administering CBD varies. In some regions, veterinarians are prohibited from discussing CBD as a treatment option, while others allow it under certain conditions.

Manufacturers like Enecta navigate this complex legal landscape by adhering to the strictest standards and continuously monitoring regulatory changes. Consumers are advised to research local laws and consult with veterinarians familiar with current regulations before using CBD products for their animals [Hartsel et al., 2019].

As research progresses and public interest grows, it's anticipated that more comprehensive and uniform regulations for animal CBD products will be developed, potentially leading to greater accessibility and standardization in the future.

Bibliography

Bartner, L.R., et al. (2018). Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol administered by 3 delivery methods at 2 different dosages to healthy dogs. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 82(3), 178-183.

Brighenti, V., et al. (2017). Development of a new extraction technique and HPLC method for the analysis of non-psychoactive cannabinoids in fibre-type Cannabis sativa L. (hemp). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 143, 228-236.

Cherney, J.H., & Small, E. (2016). Industrial hemp in North America: Production, politics and potential. Agronomy, 6(4), 58.

Citti, C., et al. (2018). Analysis of cannabinoids in commercial hemp seed oil and decarboxylation kinetics studies of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 149, 532-540.

Deabold, K.A., et al. (2019). Single-dose pharmacokinetics and preliminary safety assessment with use of CBD-rich hemp nutraceutical in healthy dogs and cats. Animals, 9(10), 832.

Gamble, L.J., et al. (2018). Pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical efficacy of cannabidiol treatment in osteoarthritic dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5, 165.

Hartsel, J.A., et al. (2019). Cannabis in veterinary medicine: Cannabinoid therapies for animals. Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine, 121-155.

Kogan, L.R., et al. (2019). US veterinarians' knowledge, experience, and perception regarding the use of cannabidiol for canine medical conditions. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5, 338.

McGrath, S., et al. (2019). Randomized blinded controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of oral cannabidiol administration in addition to conventional antiepileptic treatment on seizure frequency in dogs with intractable idiopathic epilepsy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 254(11), 1301-1308.

Mead, A. (2017). The legal status of cannabis (marijuana) and cannabidiol (CBD) under U.S. law. Epilepsy & Behavior, 70, 288-291.

Pavlovic, R., et al. (2018). Quality traits of "cannabidiol oils": Cannabinoids content, terpene fingerprint and oxidation stability of European commercially available preparations. Molecules, 23(5), 1230.

Russo, E.B. (2016). Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency reconsidered: Current research supports the theory in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel, and other treatment-resistant syndromes. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 1(1), 154-165.

Vaughn, D., et al. (2020). Report of acute kidney injury in a dog after administration of a high dose of cannabidiol (CBD). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 34(1), 338-341.

Verrico, C.D., et al. (2020). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. Pain, 161(9), 2191-2202.